Geothermal Example¶

This example demonstrates how to apply the geothermal workflow:

1. Required packages are imported
2. Default variables are imported
3. Placement locations are defined
4. Geometries are defined
5. Calculation of temperature and heat flow
6. Verifying that the calculated values correspond to the expected results

In [1]:

import reskit as rk

import pandas as pd
import geokit as gk
from numpy import allclose

import reskit as rk import pandas as pd import geokit as gk from numpy import allclose

In [2]:

# just for knowledge, they are default variables
sourceTemperature = rk.geothermal.data.path_temperatures
sourceSustainableHeatflow = rk.geothermal.data.path_heat_flow_sustainable_W_per_m2


placements = pd.DataFrame()
placements["lat"] = [51.00, 37.0, 64.922, 0.0]
placements["lon"] = [9.00, -114.0, -18.854, 114.0]

geoms = []
for i in range(len(placements)):
    x = placements["lon"][i]
    y = placements["lat"][i]
    geom = gk.geom.point(x, y, srs=gk.srs.loadSRS(4326))
    geoms.append(geom)
placements["geom"] = geoms


out_xed8 = rk.geothermal.EGSworkflow(
    placements=placements,
    sourceTemperature=sourceTemperature,
    sourceSustainableHeatflow=sourceSustainableHeatflow,
    manual_values={"x_ED_1": 8},
    savepath=None,
)

print(out_xed8)

# just for knowledge, they are default variables sourceTemperature = rk.geothermal.data.path_temperatures sourceSustainableHeatflow = rk.geothermal.data.path_heat_flow_sustainable_W_per_m2 placements = pd.DataFrame() placements["lat"] = [51.00, 37.0, 64.922, 0.0] placements["lon"] = [9.00, -114.0, -18.854, 114.0] geoms = [] for i in range(len(placements)): x = placements["lon"][i] y = placements["lat"][i] geom = gk.geom.point(x, y, srs=gk.srs.loadSRS(4326)) geoms.append(geom) placements["geom"] = geoms out_xed8 = rk.geothermal.EGSworkflow( placements=placements, sourceTemperature=sourceTemperature, sourceSustainableHeatflow=sourceSustainableHeatflow, manual_values={"x_ED_1": 8}, savepath=None, ) print(out_xed8)

    This workflow can be cited as:
    Franzmann, David and Heinrichs, Heidi
    and Stolten, Detlef, Global Electricity Potentials from Geothermal Power
    Under Technical, Economic, Sustainable Evaluation.
    Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5029989
    or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5029989
    
Starting loading data = 2026-07-27 16:56:08.051369

Starting calc = 2026-07-27 16:56:08.233764

Starting cost calc = 2026-07-27 16:56:08.258328

No valid file type specified. Returning nc4 obj

Time eval.:
Data loading finished in 0s.
Calculation finished in 0s.
Cost calculation finished in 0s.
RESkit EGS done within 0s for 4 points..
<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2kB
Dimensions:                          (placements: 4)
Coordinates:
  * placements                       (placements) int64 32B 0 1 2 3
Data variables: (12/60)
    lat                              (placements) float64 32B 51.0 37.0 ... 0.0
    lon                              (placements) float64 32B 9.0 ... 114.0
    geom                             (placements) object 32B POINT Z (9 51 0)...
    surface_temperature              (placements) float64 32B 8.591 ... 23.85
    qdot_sust_W_per_m2               (placements) float64 32B 0.05609 ... 0.0...
    Total_thermal_energy_PJ          (placements) float64 32B 368.7 ... 371.9
    ...                               ...
    P_out_net_SU_MW                  (placements) float64 32B 0.006263 ... 0....
    TOTEX_MUSD_SU_per_a              (placements) float64 32B 3.229 ... 2.113
    LCOE_gross_SU_EUR_per_kWh        (placements) float64 32B 51.79 ... 20.23
    LCOE_SU_EUR_per_kWh              (placements) float64 32B 51.79 ... 20.23
    regeneration_time_SU_a           (placements) float64 32B 30.0 30.0 ... 30.0
    opt_depth_SU_m                   (placements) float64 32B 7e+03 ... 5e+03
Attributes:
    description:  RESkit simulation results for EGS.
    timestamp:     Generated at: 2026-07-27 16:56:08.275884 

UserWarning: /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/ethos-reskit/conda/align-docs-branding/lib/python3.12/site-packages/geokit/raster.py:1386
WARNING: 5 of the given points (or extraction windows) exceed/s the source's limits. Values were replaced with nan.UserWarning: /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/ethos-reskit/conda/align-docs-branding/lib/python3.12/site-packages/geokit/raster.py:1386
WARNING: 5 of the given points (or extraction windows) exceed/s the source's limits. Values were replaced with nan.UserWarning: /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/ethos-reskit/conda/align-docs-branding/lib/python3.12/site-packages/geokit/raster.py:1386
WARNING: 5 of the given points (or extraction windows) exceed/s the source's limits. Values were replaced with nan.RuntimeWarning: /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/ethos-reskit/checkouts/align-docs-branding/reskit/geothermal/workflows/egs_workflow_manager.py:628
divide by zero encountered in divideRuntimeWarning: /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/ethos-reskit/checkouts/align-docs-branding/reskit/geothermal/workflows/egs_workflow_manager.py:634
divide by zero encountered in divide

Verifying that the calculated values correspond to the expected results

In [3]:

assert len(out_xed8.placements) == len(placements)

expected = [0.83377206, 0.52975674, 0.26825743, 0.50673514]
assert allclose(out_xed8.LCOE_VM_EUR_per_kWh, expected), "Values do not match!"

expected = [0.32707465, 0.12043728, 0.03419219, 0.10778247]
assert allclose(out_xed8.LCOE_GR_EUR_per_kWh, expected), "Values do not match!"

expected = [51.79376029, 28.61874858, 7.62909725, 20.23294058]
assert allclose(out_xed8.LCOE_SU_EUR_per_kWh, expected), "Values do not match!"

assert len(out_xed8.placements) == len(placements) expected = [0.83377206, 0.52975674, 0.26825743, 0.50673514] assert allclose(out_xed8.LCOE_VM_EUR_per_kWh, expected), "Values do not match!" expected = [0.32707465, 0.12043728, 0.03419219, 0.10778247] assert allclose(out_xed8.LCOE_GR_EUR_per_kWh, expected), "Values do not match!" expected = [51.79376029, 28.61874858, 7.62909725, 20.23294058] assert allclose(out_xed8.LCOE_SU_EUR_per_kWh, expected), "Values do not match!"